Choosing between the French prepositions à and de is one of the most common challenges for French learners’ beginners, intermediate, and even advanced students.
These two small words seem simple, but they are difficult to use.
Examples:
- Je commence à apprendre le français. → I’m starting to learn French.
- J’arrête de parler anglais. → I’m stopping speaking English.
You can see that the meaning is different and the preposition cannot be swapped.
So how can you tell when to use à and when to use de?
Good news: you will understand with a clear method, simple examples, and a little practice.
Why “à” or “de” are NOT interchangeable
In French, the preposition does not depend on the translation or the general meaning of the sentence. It depends on the word directly before usually:
📍 a verb
📍 an adjective
📍 a fixed expression
This word forces a grammatical structure.
We say the word is constructed with à or constructed with de.
Examples:
| Verb | Required structure which will never change |
| commencer – to start | commencer à + infinitive |
| arrêter- to stop | arrêter de + infinitive |
Even if both verbs talk about an action, you cannot switch the preposition.
❌ Je commence de apprendre, I start to learn → Incorrect
✔️ Je commence à apprendre → Correct
Why is it difficult at first glance?
In many languages (English, Spanish, Hindi, Arabic, etc.), the preposition may change depending on meaning or sometimes is not used at all.
In French, it’s the opposite: each word keeps the same structure.
That means the key is habit and memorization, not logic.
When to Use “À” (Rules + Examples)
We use à mainly after:
Certain verbs expressing movement, goal, or intention
Common list:
| Verbs + À | Examples |
| apprendre à | J’apprends à cuisiner. → I’m learning to cook. |
| commencer à | Je commence à lire plus. I start to read more |
| réussir à | Elle réussit à passer l’exam. She managed to pass the exam. |
| aider quelqu’un à | Je t’aide à parler français. It helps you speak French. |
| inviter à | Il m’invite à sortir. He invites me to go out. |
| continuer à | Nous continuons à travailler. We continue to work. |
Memory tip:
If the verb expresses a movement toward an action (a goal), imagine an arrow → à
After certain adjectives
These adjectives express evaluation or possibility.
| Adjective + À | Example |
| facile à | This word is easy to pronounce. Ce mot est facile à prononcer |
| difficile à | French is difficult to master. Le français est difficile à maîtriser |
| prêt à | I’m ready to leave. Je suis prêt à partir. |
| agréable à | It’s pleasant to listen to. C’est agréable à écouter. |
| long à | This text is long to read. Ce texte est long à lire |
Fixed expressions
| Expression + À | Example |
| avoir du mal à | He has difficulty understanding. Il a du mal à comprendre |
| être le premier à | She is the first to arrive. Elle est la première à arriver |
| aller + infinitive | I’m going to eat. Je vais manger. → (near future, no preposition) |
⚠️ Note: aller + infinitive behaves like a tense, so no preposition is used.

When to Use “DE” (Rules + Examples)
We use de after verbs expressing emotion, decision, or control
| Verbs + DE | Example |
| arrêter de | I stop watching TV. J’arrête DE regarder la télé. |
| essayer de | We try to speak French daily. Nous essayons DE parler français tous les jours. |
| décider de | We decide to travel to France. Nous décidons DE voyager en France. |
| avoir peur de | She is afraid to drive. Elle a peur DE conduire. |
| oublier de | I forgot to pay.J’ai oublié DE payer. |
| rêver de | He dreams of living in Paris. Il rêve d’habiter à Paris. |
Memory tip:
If the verb expresses a feeling, choice, or internal decision, think of de → from inside.
After certain adjectives expressing emotion or judgement
| Adjective + DE | Example |
| content de | I am happy to see you. Je suis content DE vous voir. |
| fier de | He is proud to succeed. Il est fier DE réussir. |
| triste de | She is sad to leave. Elle est triste DE partir. |
| surpris de | We are surprised to win. Nous sommes surpris DE gagner. |
Fixed expressions
| Expression + DE | Example |
| avoir besoin de | I need to practice. J’ai besoin DE pratiquer. |
| avoir l’habitude de | He is used to getting up early. Il a l’habitude DE se lever tôt. |
| c’est le moment de / il est temps de | It’s time to review. Il est temps de / c’est le moment de faire le point. |
| avant de / après avoir | Before leaving, close the door. Avant DE partir, ferme la porte. |
A Simple Method to Decide

Use this logic:
| Type of meaning | Preposition |
| Goal, movement toward action → I go toward doing something | À |
| Feeling, origin, personal intention → action comes from inside me | DE |
Examples:
- Je commence à parler français. → toward the action
- Je rêve de parler français. → internal desire
Words That Accept Both (but meaning changes)
Some verbs accept à or de, but the meaning changes.
| Structure | Meaning | Example |
| Penser à | to think of (remember) | Je pense à toi. I’m thinking of you. |
| Penser de | to give an opinion | Qu’est-ce que tu penses de ce film ? What do you think of this film? |
Another example:
| Verb | With À | With DE |
| apprendre | apprendre à faire → learning a skill | apprendre de quelqu’un → to learn from someone |
Examples:
- J’apprends à conduire. → skill
- J’apprends beaucoup de mon professeur. → source
À vs. De — Now It Makes More Sense!
Choosing between à and de in French can feel confusing at first, but with time and practice and memorization it becomes much more natural. Remember: it’s not the meaning of the sentence that decides the preposition — it’s the verb, adjective, or expression that comes before it. The more you encounter these structures in real sentences, the faster your brain will recognize them automatically.
Start by learning the most common structures (aider à, réussir à, penser à, essayer de, arrêter de, rêver de…) and gradually use them in your speaking, writing, or exercises.
And most importantly: don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Every attempt — even imperfect — helps your brain learn and memorize patterns.
Tips to Improve
- Review verb + preposition lists regularly
- Write your own sentences using à and de
- Listen to real French content (podcasts, series, dialogues) to see how natives use them
Mastering the difference between “à” and “de” is a key step toward speaking French more naturally and confidently. Although these two small prepositions may seem simple, their use often depends on the verb, the meaning of the sentence, and the context. With regular practice using clear examples, visuals, and exercises, choosing the right one will become easier and more automatic.
👉 Keep practicing, and soon “à” or “de” will no longer be a question—but a reflex.
Now let’s practice !

Exercice 1 — Choisis : à ou de / choose à or de
Complète avec à ou de.
| Phrase | Traduction |
| 1. J’apprends ___ parler français. | I’m learning to speak French. |
| 2. Elle hésite ___ venir demain. | She hesitates to come tomorrow. |
| 3. Nous commençons ___ travailler à 9h. | We start working at 9 a.m. |
| 4. Il rêve ___ voyager autour du monde. | He dreams of traveling around the world. |
| 5. Tu aides ton frère ___ faire ses devoirs. | You help your brother do his homework. |
| 6. J’ai fini ___ lire ce livre. | I finished reading this book. |
| 7. Marie continue ___ chanter même si elle est fatiguée. | Marie continues to sing even if she’s tired. |
| 8. Ils cherchent ___ comprendre la règle. | They are trying to understand the rule. |
| 9. On t’invite ___ dîner avec nous. | We invite you to have dinner with us. |
| 10. Nous décidons ___ partir en vacances. | We decide to go on holiday. |
✔ Answers
- à — 2. à — 3. à — 4. de — 5. à — 6. de — 7. à — 8. à — 9. à — 10. de
Exercice 2 — Complète avec à ou de / complet with à or de
Choisis la bonne préposition (à ou de) en fonction du verbe souligné.
| Phrase | Traduction |
| 1. Il refuse ___ participer à la réunion. | He refuses to participate in the meeting. |
| 2. Nous espérons ___ voyager cet été. | We hope to travel this summer. |
| 3. Elle promet ___ aider sa sœur demain. | She promises to help her sister tomorrow. |
| 4. Tu as besoin ___ te reposer. | You need to rest. |
| 5. Je préfère ___ rester chez moi ce soir. | I prefer to stay home tonight. |
| 6. Ils arrivent ___ résoudre le problème. | They manage to solve the problem. |
| 7. On oublie souvent ___ dire merci. | We often forget to say thank you. |
| 8. Vous commencez ___ comprendre la règle. | You’re starting to understand the rule. |
| 9. Le professeur interdit ___ parler pendant l’examen. | The teacher forbids speaking during the exam. |
| 10. Les étudiants essaient ___ améliorer leur français. | The students are trying to improve their French. |
✔ Answers
- de — 2. (none) — 3. de — 4. de — 5. (none) — 6. à — 7. de — 8. à — 9. de — 10. de
Exercise 3 – Fill in the Blanks with “À” or “DE”
- Je commence ___ étudier plus régulièrement.
- Elle est contente ___ faire des progrès.
- Nous essayons ___ parler plus naturellement.
- Tu es prêt ___ commencer le test ?
- Il rêve ___ voyager en France.
- C’est difficile ___ comprendre les prépositions.
- J’ai besoin ___ pratiquer un peu chaque jour.
- Ils réussissent ___ communiquer mieux.
Answers
- à — 2. de — 3. de — 4. à — 5. de — 6. à — 7. de — 8. à
Exercice 4 — Relie chaque verbe avec à ou de / Match each verb with à or de.
- Arrêter → ___
- Continuer → ___
- Aider → ___
- Oublier → ___
- Essayer → ___
- Réussir → ___
- Inviter → ___
- Rêver → ___
- Commencer → ___
- Choisir → ___
Answer key : 1. de — 2. à — 3. à — 4. de — 5. de — 6. à — 7. à — 8. de — 9. à — 10. de
⭐ Special tip for remembering
🔹 “à” expresses action, movement, or an objective.
🔹 “de” expresses origin, cause, emotion, or a mental idea.

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